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英语笔试中,主谓一致的考查也是常有的,在此给大家再整理一下英语考试中的这个知识点,希望能够帮助到各位备考的考生。
主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系,即指“主语和谓语动词”之间的一致关系,要求谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致,语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致,意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致,就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。主谓一致常考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定代词作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词数的一致等。
主谓一致中基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,常考"表里不一"现象,现将主谓一致中常犯的错误归纳整理如下:
1.如果主语有more than one很多 非常…或many a许多……构成,one and a half与单数名词组成的短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:
More than one student has read the book.
Many a girl has been there.
Many a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。
但是,“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如:
More members than one are against your plan.
A pair of shoes was on the desk.
Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。
More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。
2. each作主语或修饰主语时
1)单独用作主语(或修饰主语),谓语用单数:
Each student has his own desk. 每个学生都有自己的课桌。
Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 两个男孩进来,每人提着一只箱子。
【注意】
(1) 两个或多个“each+单数名词”结构并列作主语时, 谓语用单数。
(2) “each of+复数名词或代词”用作主语, 谓语一般要用单数
Each of them was deeply frightened. 他们个个都惊恐万分。
但是在非正式文体中(尤其是当 each of之后的名词较长时)偶尔也可用复数谓语,但很少见,学生宜慎用。
2)each 用于复数名词后作同位语
此时谓语动词用复数:
They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。
The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。
3. 主语后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介词
其后的动词形式取决介词前主语:
Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树木之外什么也看不见。
No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外没人知道此事。
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。
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